The Emergence of Pop Punk Music Essay Example For Students

The Emergence of Pop Punk Music Essay The Emergence of Pop Punk Music from the Acceptance of Punk Style The displacement of an original genre of music is thought to be what creates a submerge of music. This displacement may have been brought on by cultural, economical, or political changes in society, or the displacement may bring these changes within society with the new music. Pop punk is a submerge of punk rock and pop music. It was created by the merging of punk rock and the music that was popular at the time of its origin. In order to understand the foundation of pop punk music, one must first understand the history of the two genres it submerged from. We will write a custom essay on The Emergence of Pop Punk Music specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Rock n roll began in the sasss. It was started after World War II, when its target audience was trying to return to normalcy and America was experiencing economic stability and prosperity (Starr, 199). Rock n roll was created to target a wide range of young people. It was a much younger audience than had ever before constituted a target market for music, and it was a large audience that shared some specific and important group characteristics of group cultural identity (Starr, 199). This audience consisted of teenagers that lived in every area, were in every social class, and were of NY race. Eventually, rock n roll came to be any type of music that targeted this audience. Rock n roll helped its audience to create its own culture. This culture had its own styles and identity, that were unique to this audience alone and included certain fashions, phrases, dances, and music. The new culture was completely dominated by the youth of the sasss (Starr, 199). Rock n roll was a form of rebellion by teenagers because it allowed them to go against the principles and restraints that adults had placed on music style and preference. Rock music soon developed into a inner of music known as punk rock in the sasss due to a backlash against the centralization of all genres by music industries. Unlike any other musical genre, punk rock was started as a deliberate reaction to the mass centralization of music (History Of, 2011). The genre of punk rock relied heavily on its individuality and underground existence. It wanted no relation to the mainstream of popular music, and was completely against corporate control. The first punk rock bands to emerge were The Ramose, The Sex Pistols, and The Clash. Many of these bands came from England, and were heavily influenced by the redecorate and grunge culture that was occurring in England at the time. Unlike mainstream rock, these bands brought back the more raw do-it-yourself sound that simplified rock down to its core ingredients: loud guitars, rude attitude, and enraged singing (Grievers, 2012). Their songs utilized only a few chords, and their lyrics were often repetitions of short phrases. Many of the bands were characterized by their aggressive and amateur sound. Punk rock was basically started to bring back the original aspects of rock n roll without selling out and giving in to the centralization of the media. These punk rock bands sang about politics, society, the environment, and other mature topics. Their band members were well-educated adults, who were publicizing their disappointment in the direction that the world was The Emergence of Pop Punk Music By sandblasted saw wrong with society with lyrics such as, Whats happening to our society? Disintegration of humanity, destruction of the environment (Cram that cop donation in your ass) Is it going anywhere? Politicians, (to confuse you). Whats good for them, now it anti good for you, but there anti nothing that you can do. These lyrics illustrated that the band members were well aware of what was going on in society and the world around them. They noticed that the environment was being harmed, that politicians were sometimes corrupt, and that society was beginning to drift apart. These lyrics shed a light that punk artists were educated and worldly. After a while, Punk was no longer Just a genre of music. It had become a style of living. Being punk entailed rejecting any form of corporate control and staying anti-establishment. Punks started a movement that grew to become a revolution against political and societal establishments, whose followers would point at and criticize everything they perceived as wrong with the world. Their defiance against the majority symbolized a tendency to stay away from mainstream media, a market that supposedly destroyed individuality and creativity, turning its musicians into tools whose purpose was to gather the masses and in the process make as much money as possible (Park, 2008). The genre of punk rock created its own individuality among its audience. Being punk meant that you didnt approve of what was happening in society. Punk rock music revered as an outlet for people to express their anger, fear, and disappointment with humanity. It wasnt until the sasss that pop music merged with the genre of punk rock; giving both genres over 30 years to develop their own individual styles and thus creating the first wave of pop punk. .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a , .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a .postImageUrl , .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a , .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a:hover , .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a:visited , .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a:active { border:0!important; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a:active , .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3eed589b1f53b1ca2b8ff35e5ce3a94a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music in the Middle Ages EssayPop punk music submerged from not only the growing popularity of punk music but also the understanding of the punk lifestyle, the cultural change toward self-identity, and the acceptance of talking about emotions. Pop punk incorporates pop melodies with the loud drumming and distorted guitars of punk rock. Punk rock music was able to regain popularity because many teens began to think that being punk was cool. Just like pop and punk rock, pop punk targeted teenagers as its main audience. At this time, the definition of what being punk entailed had changed and developed into something else. Although punks still went against the social norm and denied any form of corporate control, this new trend of punk focused on individuality; free of the trends that society had placed on its people. Punk music no longer addressed issues such as politics and environmentalism. Its lyrics now focused on day-to-day events and how they made he artist feel. Pop punk related to teens not only with appealing and memorable melodies but also with its relatable lyrics about love, emotions, life experiences, and teenage problems such as feeling left out, break ups, and family issues. Pop punk lyrics also sang about teenage angst, the status quo of society, and the helplessness felt by many teens throughout the asss. Being punk, which was all about steering away from popular opinion, suddenly became the popular thing to do. The centralization of punk rock allowed the public access to a genre once frowned upon and thought of as society child-gone-bad. A whole new musical style was formed through this new outlook towards punk, and paved the way for future alternative styles of rock that are still being influenced by its godfather today. (Park, began to embrace the rebellion against corporate control. It became popular to reject all that was popular. It was this cultural change that was moving toward self-identity and self- awareness that allowed pop punk to flourish in the sasss. During this time, people began moving away from the social norm and wanted to create their own unique identity. It was this movement toward rejecting what was popular that allowed for the a cceptance and understanding of pop punk music. Pop punk music was all about going against the mainstream. It was radio-friendly music with the speed and attitude of classic rock. Throughout the asss, America experienced many mishaps such as the Cold War, the fear of nuclear weapons, and the loss of thousands of Jobs due to technological advances. These incidents were addressed in songs such as Good Charlotte The Young and Hopeless with lyrics such as And if I make it through today will tomorrow be the same? Am I Just running in place? And if I stumble and I fall, should I get up and carry on, or will it all Just be the same? Cause Im young and hopeless. Im lost, and I know this. Im going nowhere fast, thats what they say. Im troublesome; Ive fallen. Im angry at my father. Its me against this world and I dont care, I dont care. These lyrics reflect the angst and indecision that many teens felt throughout the asss due to their uncertainty of where the future was headed. The lyrics also address the family issues that became more prevalent during the asss due to divorce and single-family homes. In the asss, when punk bands sang about environmental and political issues, divorce rates were at a mere 20%. In the gs, when pop punk bands addressed issues such as helplessness, loneliness, and family issues, divorce rates had sky rocketed to 50%. Divorce rates more than doubling over this 40-year period were a major influence on punk lyrics and angst. Punks began to aim a majority of their blame and anger about the unhappiness they faced on the family problems they experienced. The topics that pop punk bands addressed changed. The lyrics became more personable, and teens that shared the emotions that were being sung about began to relate to the music on a deeper level. Other bands such as Blink 182 addressed the social issues of corporate control with yards like, Everything has fallen to pieces. Earth is dying, help me Jesus. We need guidance; weve been misled. Young and hostile but not stupid. Corporate leaders, politicians; kids cant vote, adults elect them. Laws that rule the school and workplace. These lyrics address the mistrust that many teens felt between the government and other authority fugues that were adults. They also address the attitude that many adults had on teens by stating young and hostile but not stupid. The lyrics of these songs are trying to show society that even though teens throughout the country may act foolishly as many teenagers do, they were still aware f the problems going on around them. Both sets of lyrics, whether addressing family issues or distrust in the government have one underlying theme in common: emotions. The one major change between punk lyrics of the asss and punk lyrics of the asss was the change from coloratura issues to emotions. Starting in the early asss, talking about your emotions became a more prevalent incident. .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 , .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 .postImageUrl , .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 , .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9:hover , .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9:visited , .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9:active { border:0!important; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9:active , .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9 .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf35ad7095c33363fda62169cb7a5b4d9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music Report EssayIt was not only the pop melodies but also the emotionally driven and relatable lyrics of pop punk music that allowed its audiences to relate to not only catchy, but it held on to the popular theme of emotions within its lyrics. Pop music at its time related to its audiences because of the fact that its lyrics related to the emotions and aspirations of its artists and audiences. Pop artists such as Brittany Spears first became popular because she was able to relate to her young teen audience with lyrics such as, Theres a girl in the mirror. I wonder who she is. Sometimes I think I know her. Sometimes I really wish I did. Theres a story in her eyes, lullabies and goodbyes. When shes looking back at me I can tell her heart is broken easily. With these lyrics, Brittany addressed the loss of identity and the retake that many girls were experiencing at the time. These relatable lyrics are what allowed Brittany to gain and maintain her popularity. It was also the relatable lyrics of many pop punk bands that allowed their popularity to spread among a wide range of young audiences. As long as a teenager was able to identify with the emotions in a pop punk song, they became a fan of pop punk music. Major artists within this submerge include Blink 182, New Found Glory, Sum 41, Good Charlotte, and Green Day. They created music that took root in punk and added catchy melodies and sing-along choruses that made them pop friendlier. While more pop than their predecessors and idols, they remained punk in the heart (Oboe, 2011). These changes from the original form of punk rock are important because they are what enabled this genre of music to become popular. The captivating beats and lyrics that were similar to asss pop music are what drew attention to pop punk music. These artists had started as underground bands, but later became popular as they were featured on MET and radio stations. MET helped to promote many underground pop punk bands by featuring them on commercial breaks between shows and playing their music videos each morning during MET Jams on which they play featured artists music videos. MET also helped to promote many pop punk bands by interviewing them during MET News and airing their interviews. These three factors helped many bands gain popularity among the young audiences that watched MET. Overtime, pop punk has become increasingly popular. Nation wide tours that allow the bands to travel and perform together have begun to create a scene for pop punk. The bands have begun to not only tour together but to also collaborate on music and feed off of each others ideas when producing music. Vans, a popular shoe many, sponsors the Nanas Warped Tour which encompasses about 40 pop punk bands playing on different stages during one day. This tour has led to widespread popularity of pop punk bands because it has raised awareness to this genre of music and created a larger audience for it. By introducing artists who are not well known, Vans Warped Tour has helped introduce artists to their to-be fans. Pop punk music has also gained popularity through promotion in magazines. One magazine in particular, Alternative Press (AP), has helped multiple bands gain recognition by featuring them on their cover. Because AP magazine is one of the very few to talk about this submerge of music, it has become closely associated with it and pop-punk becomes a lot of what lands on the pages of the magazine (Oboe, 2011). The in depth interviews and reviews with bands that are provided by AP Magazine have helped to promote several pop punk bands and help bring their music to light. The magazine more popular. In conclusion, pop punk is a musical genre that was developed from the growing popularity of punk rock music. As people began to accept the punk scene, they also began to relate to the music that it was incorporated with. Due to the widespread acceptance of emotions and family issues, the matters addressed in pop punk lyrics not only changed over time but also became increasingly popular. The blend of pop melodies with the guitar riffs and do-it-yourself approach of punk music allowed pop punk music to flourish among young audiences. The television interviews, news reports, and growing music festivals that broadcast pop punk music have led to its acceptance among a wide range of young people. Young audiences around the country began to relate to the emotions expressed in pop punk songs, and that is hat pop punk music the popularity and recognition that it maintains to this day.

Homers epic

Homers epic The Iliad takes place in the ninth year of a ten year war between the Trojans and the Achaeans. This great war places Hector (of the Trojans) and Achilles (of the Achaeans) in direct conflict as the are the best warriors in their respective communities and therefor responsible for inspiration and leadership of their people. Relentless and bold during combat their great skill in battle makes them heroes in the eyes of their peers. As heros both Achilles and Hector share characteristics generally associated with any man of distinguished valor such as bravery, honor and worth. Alike also in attempts to overstep their bounds, both men are ruled by fate through the mercy of the gods. Despite similarities as great warrior heroes, the pair differ immensely in personal inspiration as illustrated best by examining the motivation for each to fight. The reasons for joining the battle, namely passion for Achilles and duty for Hector, highlight the central distinction in char!acters. Achilles is ruled by his uncontrollable passions as seen in his rage and proud headstrong ways, whereas Hector is motivated by duty and honor proving him to be a noble levelheaded leader. These characteristics in Hector prove him to acts out of obligation and he doesnt question the worth of dying with honor as opposed to dying a coward as Achilles does. This ultimately makes Achilles the greater hero as his questioning and experiences bring him to an understanding of the balance and order of the gods and community.The most obvious similarity in Achilles and Hector is the position they retain in their communities, that of the greatest warrior. As strong leaders a likeness can be drawn between the qualities which render them suitable for their positions of leadership. Present in both is the essential audacity needed in someone that has control over the fate of others (the armies). In the case of Achilles this boldness is observed firs...

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 85

Assignment - Essay Example This is bad experience since the victims may end up living in constant fear and they may end up failing to fit in the societies in which they would be living. This negatively impacts the psychological as well as social aspects of human development. The problem can destabilize peace in the society if it is left unchecked. C- This threat could be identified by an organization through designing network software that can filter all mails that are unidentified. All unsolicited e-mail messages or any other form of message posted on the website of the organization should be blocked and treated as spam. This will help the people to be in control of what they read. The organization may also respond by giving tips to the members of the network about how they should respond in the event that they have responded suspicious messages. Organizations should also enlighten the victims about the measures they can take to deal with messages from unknown

Introduction to Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Introduction to Law - Essay Example Crime 1 – (RWC 9A.36.001) Assault in the First Degree (Dave). He used the BB gun against Patty. The proof is the bullet entering her book bag. She then fleeing for safety. Her action is to avoid sure personal injury. Defense (RCW 9A.12.010) Insanity (Dave). He says the state of mind made it impossible to understand right from wrong actions. There would need to be a preponderance of evidence. This defense will not stand. Dave will be found guilty on both charges. Defense 2 (RCW 9A.16.110) Defending Against Violent Crime (Patty) The claim is the fear of imminent danger. Patty used no more force than was necessary in the circumstances. This defense will stand. The charge will be dismissed. Counter arguments – There is little room for any credible counters. The persons are clearly identified. The ownership of the ring can be clearly established. The circumstances surrounding the acquisition of the ring are clear. It is clear who committed the initial crimes. There is evidence that the bag was damaged. Further, it should be possible to confirm Dave’s fingerprints on the gun. The security authorities were able to apprehend him immediately. Presumably with the weapon and the bruises. The bruises were necessary for the escape. It should be possible to trace his DNA on the bag and traces of the bag material on the bruised

Murder of Santiago Nasar in Gabriel Garcia Marquez's Chronicle of a Essay

Murder of Santiago Nasar in Gabriel Garcia Marquez's Chronicle of a Death Foretold - Essay Example Since Santiago was responsible for Angela’s loss of virginity, his death would be expected to be caused by a member or members of the Vicario family; more precisely, Santiago Nasar was killed by two brothers, Pablo and Pedro, from the Vicario family.  Santiago Nasar was going to be killed according to Marquez (67). The two brothers from the Vicario family had vowed to avenge their sister’s virginity since it robbed their family of honor. A bishop’s visit to the town threw the events of the day into disarray and shifted the attention from the foretold murder. The bishop decided, at the last minute, to stay on the boat on which he had travelled rather than get in town. Santiago Nasar was a member of the ruling class, together with his friends’ family. The family of the narrator in the story was close friends with Santiago’s family, which gave the narrator the expectation that before the bishop left the town; he would have personally paid them a visi t. Everyone, for sometime forgets about the saga that involved the return of Angela to her home after the wedding. The Vicario brothers were going to kill Santiago. Except few people, almost all the dwellers of the town including the priest and the mayor were aware that two identical twin brothers, Pablo and Pedro Vicario, were in a mission to find Santiago Nasar with the intention of killing him (Marquez 163). Santiago Nasar remained unaware of the plot by Vicario brothers to kill him until the time they accosted and attacked him. The manner in which the story unfolds is inverted, hence does not give very clear evidence of the murder at first. The story unfolds backwards rather than forwards. The possible reasons for the murder, the circumstances surrounding the murder and the motivation behind it are traced. The evidence that the Vicario brothers were going to kill Santiago is built from the importance they give to accomplishing their revenge mission. Angela Vicario was married by Bayardo San Roman in a flamboyant wedding ceremony. Barely five hours later, Bayardo returned her to her parents. The consequences of not being a virgin were potentially dangerous, a fact that Angela was very much aware. She, in fact, wanted to stop the marriage knowing very well that there existed no love between them. The Vicarious family, were so much impressed by Bayardo’s wealth and were, therefore, opposed to the decision by their daughter to stop the marriage. Her brothers were particularly not pleased by the incident and had vowed to kill whoever had deflowered their sister. Bayardo did not love Angela and neither did she love him. Rather, Bayardo was excited about the idea of marrying a beautiful woman. Bayardo San Roman used the wedding ceremony as an excuse to show off the power and wealth he wielded. According to the narrator’s comment, Bayardo San Roman could marry any woman he wanted to. His wealth and power came from the fact that he had been born of a decorated hero, the only one to defeat Colonel Aureliano Buendia, in a civil war fought in the nineteenth century. Lack of love may not have been a reason good enough to stop the marriage between Angela Vicario and Bayardo San Roman. However, the fact that Angela had lost her virginity to somebody other than her proud husband, Bayardo, was a reason enough to make her return to

IKEA: The Worlds Largest Furniture Retailer

IKEA: The Worlds Largest Furniture Retailer Introduction According to KeyNote, 2008, IKEA is the worlds largest furniture retailer. IKEA sells a lifestyle to its middle-class global consumers through cheap contemporary flat-packed designs. The Swedish based company has 237 stores around the world and it is the world leader in home furnishings (Mintel, 2006). IKEA is responsible for a global strategy that concentrates on cost management, efficiency and quality. However, there is much more to IKEA than just its cheap stylish furniture. As Eberhard-Harribey (2006) states, regardless of its openly aggressive focus on cutting costs, IKEA is a leading company when it comes to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) matters (see more on Appendix 1). IKEA has managed to combine a cost focus strategy with CSR issues as opposed to companies such as Starbucks and The Body Shop, which is considered to be high CSR-oriented but that charge a premium-price for its sustainable products. IKEA has respectable policies on child labour and has strong partnerships with UNICEF, and the WWF. Moreover, IKEA has a transnational strategy. The business maximise its global strategy of product standardisation whilst responding to, consumer local needs. Globalisation, factors like economic growth, deregulation, more disposable income and rising housing market have created many opportunities for growth in which IKEA have continuously taken advantage of in many countries. In spite of its global presence, it is worthy to point out two facts. First fact is that Europe accounts for 82% of IKEAs total revenues and North America accounts for 15% (Datamonitor, 2009). Second fact is that in both Europe and North America regions, as a result of the economic downturn the furniture retail industry is under a lot of competition. In order to reduce the political-economical and social-demographical risks inherent with such regions, IKEA needs to concentrate on diversifying its operations into other markets promptly and efficiently. Moreover, by expanding into other markets, IKEA can also take advantages of opportunities that these new markets offer that current markets no longer do. For example, in the past when China opened-up its policy to FDI, it eventually led to the Chinese economic improvement, the rise in the housing market and subsequently the demand for home furnishings in China. These events have unmistakable allowed IKEA to successfully enter this market. The current strategy mode that IKEA undertakes when entering a new market is International Franchising whereby products, limited rights, operating systems and the use of IKEAs brand name are sold to the foreign franchisee for a sum fee and share in the profits. It seems sensible therefore that IKEA continue on expanding into new markets. Nevertheless, before IKEA chooses another market to enter, IKEA needs to follow some steps: (1) Assess potential markets, (20 Evaluate the respective risks and benefits, (3) Choose the most appropriate market that not only match the Furniture Industry but ultimately complement IKEAs vision and Corporate Social Responsibility. In this work IKEAs plan will be to further its global expansion into the South American Market, having Brazil as a target. Brazil is the largest country in South America and according to Datamonitor (2009), it is characterises the most attractive country for the Furnishing Industry. The following analyses have as an aim to critically determine whether or not IKEA can successfully enter the Brazilian Market and how it should best endeavour such move Industry Overview: Global Home Furnishing Retail The home furnishings retail sector includes furniture, floor coverings and household textiles. Furniture sales dominate the global home furnishing retail sector, with 63.9% of the sectors value. IKEA has the largest share in the global home furnishing market. Its share accounts for 2.3% (MarketLine, 2009). Europe accounts for 43.1% of the retail sectors value and the compound annual growth rate of the sector in the period 2004-2008 was 2.6%. Moreover, according to Datamonitor, 2009, sectors value reached a value of $663.4 billion in 2008 and it is forecasted to grow by 24.9% in 2013 (MarketLine, 2009). Moreover, according to Mintel (2008) the UK is IKEAs most successful market. However is being held back by the difficulty of getting new stores, low consumer confidence due to the economic slowdown. The UK housing market has slowed dramatically and with house prices and the number of transactions forecast to fall this year, this must be bad news for furniture retailers. Already in 2008 there have been a number of casualties, including Sleep Depot and New Heights, and most recently Ilva and ScS. At the same time furniture retailers are facing unprecedented levels of competition from outside of the specialist market from the likes of Tesco, Asda, Woolworths, Argos, Homebase, BQ, and even Next and MS. Is it all doom and gloom for the furniture specialist? more  » The UK housing market has slowed dramatically and with house prices and the number of transactions forecast to fall, furniture retailers are facing exceptional amount of competition from outside of the specialist market from the likes of Asda, Argos, not to mention MS and Next. Five Forces Analysis Retailers of furniture, floor coverings and household textiles are the players of the home furnishing retail sector and the main buyers are taken as end-users, and manufacturers of furniture, floor coverings and household textiles as the key suppliers. (Table bellow adapted from Datamonitor, 2009) IKEA Swot Analysis IKEAs Corporate Social Responsibility According to Maon, Swaen and Lindgreen (2007) IKEA receives pressure from various external stakeholders. This pressure mainly exists because IKEAs business is modeled on cost leadership the majority of its raw materials are originated from developing countries. Since the end of the 1980s, IKEAs policies have been under constant scrutiny, particularly from NGOs. For example, IKEA was under the public eye over child labour in Asia, working conditions in Eastern Europe and Asia, and wood from questionable forests in Indonesia and Russia. Some critics argue that IKEAs sustainable practices took too long to be implemented and others question why the company do not place social and environmental labels on its products, even though the products meet criteria for products made of tropical wood materials. However, for IKEA, the brand itself should be a guarantee of environmental consideration and social responsibility Moreover, as a result of such pressures, the company is more actively involved in its CSR than ever. See next for examples of IKEAs current practices: (Source: IKEA Group, Panda.org, UNICEF and SaveTheChildren.com, 2009). Identification of a New Market Whereas the North American furniture and floor coverings market is currently going through difficult times, South American has kept strong growth in value, a trend that according to Marketline, 2009 is meant to carry on rising. As for 2010 IKEA will enter the South American market. The first IKEA store will be allocated in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (Reference?). However, as it is shown bellow there are other countries within South America in which IKEA could be successful. Furniture Floor Coverings in South America Industry Profile The South American furniture floor coverings market generated total revenues of $19,801.3 million in 2008, representing a compound annual growth rate (Datamonitor, 2009) of 7.5% for the period 2004-2008. Market Segmentation Living room furniture sales has proved the most lucrative for the South American furniture floor coverings market in 2008, generating total revenues of $7,420.1 million, equivalent to 37.5% of the markets overall value. Brazil (Marketline, 2009) however, Brazil leads the South American furniture and floor coverings market, accounting for 63.3% of the markets value. Factors Influencing the Likelihood of New Entrants and New Entrants in the Furniture Market in South America As shown above, there is a lack of brand strength in the Latin American furnishing market. This is turn shows that somewhat easy for new businesses to enter the market. Examples of such business however, are those well established diversified retailers, such as supermarkets and department stores entering the market. Advantages for retailers occur within the market on a small scale with either one or several outlets, for which fixed costs and entrance barriers are fairly low. However, the impact of the current global economic recession on the retail environment can discourage the entrance of new furniture businesses into the high-street in the medium term. There is however little government regulation which only concentrates on health and safety of the products. Overall, Datamonitor (2009) sees that the threat of new entrants to the furniture market in South America is considered to be strong. It is therefore important that establishes its presence in the region before other multinational companies decide to enter the South American. By being a entering such region, IKEA can be as successful as Telefonica has been since 1990 (Griffin and Pustay, 2009). It can generate more sources of revenue as well as establishing new customer base before competitors. There are a large number of different retailers of different sizes from small independent retailers to large chain-stores operating within the furniture and floor coverings retail market. Many players within the market are diversified retailers, such as department stores, supermarkets and DIY stores, which are not critically reliant upon furniture sales, which in turn ease rivalry. However, there are many small specialist stores, where the sale of furniture and floor coverings products is critical to success. These companies need to compete intensely with the supermarkets, which is becoming increasingly difficult in terms of price without compromising product quality; as the supermarkets can afford to make smaller margins over a wide range of products. The current economic downturn is adversely affecting retail sales, reducing growth potential and increasing exit barriers, which enhances rivalry. Overall, rivalry with respect to the furniture and floor coverings retail market is moderate. (Please refer to Appendix 2 for further analyses). Brazil The Brazilian economy was not affected by the global financial crisis as the countrys economy is tightly regulated with orthodox macroeconomic policies. The countrys growth rate increased in 2008 to reach 5.9%. Moreover, Brazil is the founder member of Mercosul regional integration which for instance, are responsible for 75% of South Americas GDP and it is the worlds fourth-biggest integrated market. The economic reforms, liberalized foreign investment to most sectors have been considered to be responsible for the current economic. The market of furniture in Brazil has three main segments: home (60%), office (25%) and institutional organisations (15%). Analyses show that (reference) this last segment is on the growth and imports should increase. This change in demand for foreign designs can certainly benefit IKEA in Brazil. The market is also restrained by high interest rates (18.3% per year in 2001) which prevent people from demanding bank loans, and thus maintain their purchasing power at lower levels than if they could borrow money easier. It then has a bad impact on house purchasing and in series, lowers the buying of house furnishings too. However, despite its high profile, Brazil still suffers from corruption. According to Transparency Internationals Corruption Perceptions Index for 2008, Brazil is ranked in the 80th place out of 179 countries. Because corruption is perceived to be very strong in Brazil, the majority of businesses are expected to encounter corruption when proposing contracts to governments. Moreover, deforestation caused by multi-nationals is making serious harms to the Brazilian rainforests. As the demand for environmentally friendly companies in Brazil and around the world continues to rise, companies such as IKEA can certainly expect to have its CSR scrutinised before receiving any license for operation. PESTLE Analysis of IKEA in Brazil Brazil has come out to be of the best market to invest (Griffin and Pustay, 2009) the economic reforms implemented after 2003 led to increases in real per capita income, and an improved income distribution. Real per capita income increased 14% from 2004 to 2007 and the inequality in the distribution of income, measured by the Gini coefficient (which ranges from 0, which reflects equality, to 1, which indicates inequality), diminished from 0.6 in 2000 to 0.5 in 2007. Although the political stability in Brazil does not have the same standard of security as other OECDs, the political stability in Brazil is improving steadily. Brazils president is considered to be more sensible than other South American leftist leaders. And Although Lula obviously seeks to protect national companies, He is also aware that many Brazilian businesses are not very efficient. After being re-elected, Lula has welcomed FDI in Brazil with open arms (Reference) Additionally, as the poverty situation in Brazil is still high, the Brazilian government and its population are in turn very active when it comes to social programs. There are major government programs that aim to tackle the problems of income inequality and access to credit. Programmes such as Zero Hunger (Projeto Fome Zero) provides low-income families conditional cash transfer bases reach nearly one quarter of Brazils population (MDS). Such programs can be seen as an opportunity for IKEA. Since IKEA has such renounced CSR programs in place, it can certainly work with partnership with the Brazilian government. Also, as more people are acquiring houses, the demand for furniture will eventually increase. With emerging markets capturing investors attention, many are turning their focus towards South American markets. Strong exports, high commodity prices and increased investments have been contributing factors to growth within many of the Latin American markets (Fleming, 2007). Amongst its neighbours, Brazil is the country that provides its population the highest average purchasing power (IMF, 2006) Thus, Brazil seem a very attractive market for IKEA, especially since the its furniture imports have experienced a growth of 16.27% during the third quarter of 2006. The imports of furniture in Brazil are controlled by the United States with 39% of the share, followed by Germany with 36% and Italy with 10% (ABIMOVEL, 2008). Because Brazils income gap between the rich people and the poor people is very high, The 10% richest people earn 50% of the totally income and the 10% poorest people only get less than 1% (source?) social status are very meaningful, especial for the middle-classes. As IKEA has been very proficient in selling lifestyles to its customers (KeyNote, 2008) the status importance amongst Brazilians could turn out to be advantageous for IKEA. Nevertheless, credit option is extremely limited among most consumers who are expected to pay for their goods in instalments. Very ofte, consumers opt for a certain product not because if its quality, but because of the payment facilities. Consumers can pay for a TV of the equivalent of  £300 in 10 instalments and without any added interest. IKEA should certainly be aware of consumers buying behaviour in order of to have problems with its liquidity ratios. As the telecommunication penetration rate in Brazil remains low, IKEA would not be able to rely in online sales in Brazil in the middle future and its online advertising should be very efficient . Laws requiring pre-sale disclosure by a franchisor are in place in Brazil Brazil shelters dense forests in northern regions including Amazon Basin that can be use for wooden furniture: half of the country is covered by forests. However, over the past couple of years, the government has been very cautious about global warming caused by MNCs deforestation. So IKEA would need to ensure the Brazilian government that its practices are very sustainable to be able to use Brazils endowments. IKEA in Brazil From the analysed above, it can be deducted that there are several attractive aspects for IKEA to invest in the area of furniture industry in the Brazilian market. First of all, the furniture market in Brazil is attractive due to a big value of imported furniture. Additionally, the labour cost is cheaper compared to Europe and America. Mode of Entry All IKEAs stores in foreign countries are managed under international franchising (IKEA, 2009). Franchising is a special form of licensing where the licensor authorises the licensee to utilize its operating systems, logos, brand names and trademarks in return for a loyalty payment (Griffin and Pustay, 2009). The franchisee needs also to supply capital, personnel, personal involvement and local market knowledge (Jeannet Hennessy, 2004, pp.296). As IKEA has so much experience in setting up franchise contracts, it seems sensible to apply the same when coming to Brazil for the following reasons: However, International Franchising has its drawbacks as well: Although the drawbacks of setting up Franchising in Brazil are not too high and IKEA could still be very successful in such a market. Based on the information gathered in this work, a relatively more complex but even more successful mode of entry can be recommended. Due to Brazils endowment factors and government economic stimulus package to attract new investments, IKEA can greater benefit from entering the market through Foreign Direct Investment via than from International Franchising. Moreover, by using FDI as a Strategy, IKEA can acquire national resources and access other South American markets. According to Dunnings Ecletic Theory (Griffin and Pustay, 2009), FDI will occur when three conditions Ownership, Location and Internalisation are satisfied. By matching IKEAs Swot analysis and all the other information gathered in this work, it is possible to observe that IKEA enjoys all three advantages in competing in Brazil against local firms. 1. Ownership: Whereas most of Brazilian furniture retails hold low brand image and average technology systems, IKEA has unique competitive advantages such as strong brand name globally, advanced technology and the benefits of economies of scale in other markets. 2. Location Advantage: IKEA can enjoy lower labour costs, avoid tariff walls on goods exported from Brazil to other South American countries and save money on product transportation instead of importing products from China, Russia and India, the majority of products can be manufactured in Brazil due to its vast resource endowments. 3. Internalisation Advantage: Because of growing concerns related to management of intellectual property rights, deforestation and corruption in Brazil, IKEA will benefit more from controlling its operations in Brazil than from hiring independent local companies to provide such services. FDI via Greenfield Strategy and Strategic Alliance As Brazilian Furniture Retailers are relatively small, the possibility to acquire an existing company with the intention of obtaining control over employees, technology and stores is very low. Therefore, IKEA would have to start its operations from scratch. According to Griffin and Pustay, 2010, when companies buy or build new facilities, hires in managers and employees to launch its brand new operations, they do so through Greenfield Strategy. Given all the facts that influence FDI in Brazil, the Greenfield Strategy can certainly benefit IKEAs entry to the Brazilian Market for the following reasons: IKEA can the location that best meets its needs It can build up-to-date facilities Brazils local and national government gives economic development incentives to attract companies facilities IKEA would not have to adapt its production systems to any Joint-ventures IKEA would not have to deal with problems associates with Property Rights that could arise from potential Franchisees/Licensees/ or Joint Venture partners. However, the Greenfield Strategy also has its disadvantages: The process of building a new site, hiring new staff and negotiating with government is relatively long and expensive In order to promote certain regions development, Brazilian government might require IKEA to build its site in a determined place that is not IKEAs desired location. Grant to use natural resources might be given under very restrict regulations due to global and national demand for sustainable products Furthermore, by using Brazils endowment resources, particularly in the Forestry sector, IKEAs CSR would be put under further scrutiny. However, as IKEA has so many projects that have been benefiting the forestry and the cotton sector (refer to IKEAs CSR) in so many countries IKEA can combine its current CSR practice and form a strategic alliance with the Brazilian government involving the production aspect of the business. According to Griffin and Pustay 2010, a strategic alliance involving public and private partners can benefit a company if negotiation is handled properly and if the government is relatively stable, by easing market entry, reducing risks, enhancing knowledge and expertise and giving competitive advantage. Appendix 1 Detailed Five Forces Analysis for the Global Retail Furniture Market (Adapted from Datamonitor, 2009). Appendix 2 Continuation of Five Forces Analysis on the South American Retail Furniture (Source: Datamonitor, 2009) Appendix 3

Gender Roles in Angela Carters The Company of Wolves Essay -- Carter

Gender Roles in Angela Carter's The Company of Wolves In her transformation of the well-known fable "Little Red Riding Hood," Angela Carter plays upon the reader's familiarity. By echoing elements of the allegory intended to scare and thus caution young girls, she evokes preconceptions and stereotypes about gender roles. In the traditional tale, Red sticks to "the path," but needs to be rescued from the threatening wolf by a hunter or "woodsman." Carter retells the story with a modern perspective on women. By using fantasy metaphorically and hyperbolically, she can poignantly convey her unorthodox and underlying messages. Before telling the story of Red Riding Hood, Carter establishes the nature of wolves in a folk-lore or legend style, which appears to be at least partially factual. The narrator describes wolves as malicious hunters in an ominous tone: "The wolf is carnivore incarnate and he's as cunning as he is ferocious; once he's had a taste of flesh, then nothing else will do" (Norton Anthology of Literature by Women, 2232). She tells of their desperation for food, one possible explanation for their eagerness to devour humans, but warns that the danger of falling prey to a wolf is ever-present. Beneath her descriptive background information of wolves lies Carter's real message: men are sexual predators, and hunt for flesh like wolves do. This subtle and foreshadowed element becomes slightly more overt as the focus changes from wolves of the forest, to the mythical creatures of werewolves. The narrator alludes to three plausible legends involving the hunter, the witch, and the bride, who all encountered men who transformed into wolves. She references possible explanations for this phenomenon, citing the Devil tra... ...al roles and become the sexual aggressor to be the victor instead of the victim. Carter's twist on a well-known tale likely surprises many readers. Thus she is likely suggesting we should rethink our expectations of gender roles. Another way of presenting alternate gender roles would be making Red a boy, and having him saved by a girl at the end, but this scenario would not be as striking and therefore effective. Furthermore, Red's sexual awakening and consequent taming of the "wolf" serves as encouragement for women not to be passive, but to assert themselves in all situations, especially sex, which is one area that has long been characterized by rigid/traditional expectations of gender roles. Works Cited: Carter, Angela. "The Company of Wolves." Folk and Fairy Tales. Eds. Martin Hallett and Barbara Karasek. 3rd Edition. Toronto: Broadview Press, 2002.

Personal & Professional Development Essay

1.1  Cunningham1 has defined self-managed learning as â€Å"†¦idealised adult action learning†. Therefore, self learning is a process where the learner develops their learning goals, decides on strategies to make it happen, identifies resources needed to achieve it and adopts the process to evaluate their achievement. Self managed learning can only be effective if a person has the ability to independently decide about their learning and can manage this without much institutional support. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that most people, though understanding the need for such learning approach, are unable to identify and manage their learning without guidance and support from an institution. Hence, people go to an institution to learn. However, It is the responsibility of the learner to take charge of their learning. In an adult learning environment, where most learners have been out of touch with learning for a while, it is important that the tutors initially provide hands on approach to guide the learners. Gradually, ‘tutor dependency’ reduces and the learner becomes more self dependent, starting to manage their learning more effectively. Self learning process can be facilitated through research, using online tools such as web logs, wikis, search engine facilities, use of social software and other multimedia tools such as audio and video equipment. 1.2  Lifelong learning is a process that takes place throughout an individual’s life based on their life experiences, interaction with others and range of different circumstances which are used to acquire knowledge. It is, defined as the â€Å"ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated pursuit of knowledge for either personal or professional reasons’’[2). There are various methods of learning, which can be termed as ‘life long learning’. These are: †¢ Home schooling : People learning at home rather than at an institute. †¢ Adult education : Enrolling in an adult learning course to gain formal qualifications for work or leisure. †¢ Continuing education : Courses to gain further knowledge without getting any formal qualification. †¢ Knowledge work : On-the-job training but can also include practical courses for professional development. †¢ Personal learning environment: Using a range of sources and tools including online applications. Lifelong learning is the most effective way to enhance personal and professional development. Therefore, all the above methods should be encouraged and used to gain relevant knowledge in relation to an individual’s goals and aspirations. A method used by a person depends on what their personal learning goals are, and on the answers to the key questions of what, when, where, how and why. 1.3  The benefits of self managed learning to individuals and organisations are many fold. The key benefits are : †¢ Ability to choose the content :Allows people to pick and choose what they are going to learn, and who they are going to learn from, depending on personal level of knowledge and preferences. †¢ Determining the schedule : Allows people to adapt learning process to their personal agenda, without depending on time schedules imposed by others. †¢ Learning with passion : Topic is chosen based on what the learner wants to learn, making the learner more engaged and the learning process more enjoyable. †¢ Sense of accomplishment and satisfaction : As the learner has chosen the topic, it provides greater degree of satisfaction and a sense of accomplishment within learners. †¢ More productive life : As it is a learner guided process, there is more passion and commitment within the learner about their learning, enhancing their chances of securing more expertise in the area. †¢ Develop expertise and skill : After gaining skill and expertise in the chosen field, a person is more likely to become an expert in the area, with others seeking their expertise and be willing to pay for it. 2.1 Since leaving school, I have worked within the catering sector all my working life, initially as a General Assistant in the kitchen, helping cook and chef. However, through my competence and performance, I was able to gradually rise to the position of Head Chef, with people working under my supervision. This allowed me to have experience of managing people effectively in a challenging fast moving environment. In addition, I was able to gain adequate knowledge and understanding about various health & safety guidelines through relevant training, including gaining relevant qualifications. I was able to comply with the professional standards for a Chef through the training I received. Also, working closely with the management, I was able to understand fully the key aims and objectives of the business and focused on ensuring that through my work, I help the business to fulfil them. It is important for a restaurant to provide good quality food and customer service – the two key aspect for such business. Unless the quality of the food and the level of customer service is to their satisfaction, customers will not come back, which is vital for a business. So, my role as a Head Chef is crucial to the success of the company. Since the restaurant is doing well, I feel confident that I have contributed towards the achievement of the company’s aims and objectives, complying with the professional standards required for my job. 2.2  Having worked in the kitchen all my working life, I would now like to have a change of career and move to management, where I would like to manage the whole business, either by setting up my own restaurant or be employed in a restaurant owned by others. In order to help me achieve my aim, I would need proper qualification, understanding and knowledge about how to manage a restaurant efficiently. Therefore, my development needs are as follows : †¢ How to devise an effective business plan †¢ How to prepare a comprehensive sales and marketing strategy †¢ How to be a competent business manager †¢ How to manage a business efficiently and profitably In order to acquire the knowledge required to achieve those aims, I need to enrol in a business course which will not only allow me to have the relevant knowledge but would also enable me to have thorough understanding of these areas, resulting in a qualification. In addition to the areas mentioned above, I also need to focus on some other areas, such as enhancing my literacy and numeracy skills as it would be necessary if I am to manage to restaurant. I also need to improve my social and communication skills too, which is vital for a business within the hospitality sector. 2.3 Since I don’t currently have any formal qualification other than GCSE, the only way for me to achieve my goal of enrolling in a course to acquire relevant knowledge and gain qualification would be to enrol in a course that does not have an entry requirement of any formal qualification and would accept someone with only GCSE. So, I started researching about various courses available that is relevant to me and is available for people who only have GCSE. I have identified that the Business Management HND is the best course for me as it offers all relevant aspects to help me achieve my developmental needs while allowing people with only GCSE to enrol. Therefore, I have enrolled in this course. However, I am seriously considering taking this further and go into further studies on business management, either through university or an informal course in continuing education, which may not result in a formal qualification but would provide me with the knowledge I need to achieve my goals. I feel that enrolling in the Business management HND is the first step towards achieving my aim of acquiring all relevant information and gain relevant qualifications regarding running a successful restaurant business. I also researched about courses to facilitate my aim of enhancing my literacy, numeracy, social and communication skills and have identified some of the courses that will be relevant to me and would assist me in achieving my goals.

Role and Responsibilities of a Teacher in Montessori Essay Example

Role and Responsibilities of a Teacher in Montessori Essay Example Role and Responsibilities of a Teacher in Montessori Essay Role and Responsibilities of a Teacher in Montessori Essay The Montessori teacher plays an important role in the Montessori environment. The teacher needs to acquire a deeper sense of the dignity of the child as a human being, a new appreciation of the significance of his spontaneous activities, a wider and thorough understanding of his needs. The most essential part of the teacher is that the teacher should go through spiritual preparation. The moral preparation is necessary before one is fit to be entrusted with the care of the children in a principle hitherto chiefly confined to members of religious orders. According to Montessori such preparation should be first step in the training of every teacher whatever nationality or creed. She must purify her heart and render it burning with charity towards the child. She must learn to appreciate and should gather all those tiny and delicate manifestation of the opening life in the Childs soul. The teacher must be initiated, he must begin by studying his own defects, his own evil tendencies rather than by being excessively pre occupied with a â€Å"child’s tendencies, â€Å"with the manner of â€Å"correcting a Childs mistakes,† or even with the effects of original sin. â€Å"First remove the beam from your own eye and then you will see clearly how to remove the speck from the eye of the child†. The secret of childhood. pg. no. 149. The first step an intending Montessori teacher must take is to prepare herself. She must always keep her imagination alive and when she begins her work she must have a kind of faith and she mus t free herself from all preconceived ideas concerning the levels at which the children may be. (Meaning they are more or less deviated) must not worry her. The teacher, when she begins work in our schools, must have a kind faith that the child will reveal himself through work, she must free herself from all preconceived ideas concerning the levels at which the children may be. † The Absorbent Mind pg. 276. In The Absorbent Mind (pp. 277-81), Maria Montessori offered some general principles of behavior for teachers in the Montessori classroom. * The teacher becomes the keeper and custodian of the environment. She attends to this instead of being distracted by the childrens restlessness. . . All the apparatus is to be kept meticulously in order, beautiful and shining, in perfect condition. . . . This means that the teacher also must be attractive pleasing in appearance tidy and clean, calm and dignified. . . . The teacher’s appearance is the first step to gaining the Childs confidence because the child of this age idealizes his mother. The teachers first duty is therefore to watch over the environment, and this takes preceden ce over all the rest. Its influence is indirect, but unless it is well done there will be no effective and permanent results of any kind, physical, intellectual or spiritual. * The teacher must . . . entice the children. . . . The teacher, in this first period, before concentration has shown itself, must be like the flame, which heartens all by its warmth, enlivens and invites. There is no need to fear that she will interrupt some important psychic process, since these have not yet begun. Before concentration occurs, the Montessori teacher may do more or less what she thinks well; she can interfere with the childrens activities as she deems necessary. . . She can tell stories, have some games and singing, use nursery rhymes and poetry. The teacher who has a gift for charming the children can have them do various exercises, which, even if they have no great value educationally, are useful in calming them. Everyone knows that a lively teacher attracts more than a dull one, and we can all be lively if we try. . . . If at this stage there is some child who persistently annoys the others, the most practical thing to do is interrupt him . . . to break the flow of disturbing activity. The interruption may take the form of any kind of exclamation, or in showing a special and affectionate interest in the troublesome child. * Finally the time comes in which the children begin to take an interest in something: usually, in the exercises of Practical Life, for experience shows that it is useless and harmful to give the children Sensorial and Cultural apparatus before they are ready to benefit from it. Before introducing this kind of material, one must wait until the children have acquired the power to concentrate on something, and usually . . this occurs with the exercises of Practical Life. When the child begins to show interest in one of these, the teacher must not interrupt, because this interest corresponds with natural laws and opens up a whole cycle of new activities. . . . The teacher, now, must be most careful. Not to interfere means not to interfere in any way. This is the moment at which the teacher most often goes wrong. The child, who up to that moment has been very difficult, finally concentrates on a piece of work. . . Praise, help, or even a look, may be enough to interrupt him, or destroy the activity. It seems a strange thing to say, but this can happen even if the child merely becomes aware of being watched. . . . The great principle that brings success to the teacher is this: as soon as concentration has begun, act as if the child does not exist. . . . The duty of the teacher is only to present new things when she knows that a child has exhausted all the possibilities of those he was using before. An important task of the teacher is careful observation. The teacher should guide each child, introducing materials, and assisting where needed and she should make sure that all the material necessary for children at a particular stage of development is available for them to use. This helps the teacher prepare the environment with the child’s interest in mind. The teacher is constantly alert to the direction in which the child is going, and actively works to help the child achieve their goals. The Montessori teacher facilitates the classroom activities, carefully planning the environment, and helping progress from one activity to the next. The teacher must be aware of the need for day-to- day preparation of the environment. They should make sure the room is clean and fresh, and it is adequately heated in winter, and cool and airy in summer and there should be various pictures displayed on the walls, flowers are changed daily or not and the calendar is changed regularly. Montessori professionals are trained to deal with each child individually. This is often called following the child. A Montessori teacher often stands back while the child is working, allowing them to gain satisfaction in their own discoveries. Montessori tools promote motor skills as well as development of the mind. This idea allows students to think critically about the solution, rather than just sit back the formula or method that his or her teacher dictated. The Montessori teacher embodies these ideas and creates in the child the feeling of confidence and accomplishment. Montessori teachers are not the center of attention in the classroom. Their role centers on the preparation and organization of learning materials to meet the needs and interests of the Montessori children. The focus is on children learning, not on teachers teaching. Dr. Montessori believed that the teacher should focus on the child as a person rather than on the daily lesson plans. Although the Montessori teacher plans daily lessons for each child, she must be alert to changes in the child’s interest, progress, mood, and behavior. Montessori teachers are scientific observers of children. They avoid using rewards and punishments for good or poor work. Montessori teachers never criticize or interfere in a child’s work. It is only in a trusting atmosphere that a child’s personality has room to grow. Children must have the freedom to choose their own activities and learn to behave without restriction. Dr. Montessori thought this was real work and that the child would reveal his/her true nature once he/she found work that commanded his/her full attention. Anne Burke Neubert, in A Way of Learning (1973), listed the following elements in the special role of the Montessori teacher: * Montessori teachers are the dynamic link between children and the Prepared Environment. * They systematically observe their students and interpret their needs. They are constantly experimenting, modifying the environment to meet their perceptions of each childs needs and interests, and objectively noting the result. * They prepare an environment meant to facilitate children’s independence and ability to freely select work that they find appealing, selecting activities that will appeal to their interests and keeping the environment in perfect condition, adding to it and removing materials as needed . * They carefully evaluate the effectiveness of their work and the design of the environment every day. They observe and evaluate each child’s individual progress. * They respect and protect their students independence. They must know when to step in and set limits or lend a helping hand, and when it is in a childs best interests for them to step back and not interfere. * They are supportive, offering warmth, security, stability, and non-judgmental acceptance to each child. * They facilitate communication among the children and help the children to learn how to communicate their thoughts to adults. They interpret the childrens progress and their work in the classroom to parents, the school staff, and the community. * They present clear, interesting and relevant lessons to the children. They attempt to engage the child’s interest and focus on the lessons and activities in the environment. * They model desirable behavior for the children, following the ground-rules of t he class, exhibiting a sense of calm, consistency, grace and courtesy, and demonstrating respect for every child. * They are peace educators, consistently working to teach courteous behaviors and conflict. They are diagnosticians who can interpret patterns of growth, development, and behavior in order to better understand the children and make necessary referrals and suggestions to parents. The role of a Montessori teacher is that of an observer whose ultimate goal is to intervene less and less as the child develops. The teacher creates an atmosphere of calm, order and joy in the classroom and is there to help and encourage the children in all their efforts, allowing them to develop self-confidence and inner discipline. With the younger students at each level, the teacher is more active, demonstrating the use of materials and presenting activities based on an assessment of the childs requirements. Knowing how to observe constructively and when, and how much, to intervene, is one of the most important talents the Montessori teacher acquires during a rigorous course of training at AMI training centers throughout the world. The role of a Montessori Directress is the vital link between that of the child and the environment. Under her guidance a child will develop both as a person and intellectually to reach their full potential and become the man of the future. â€Å"She is the main connecting link between the material that is the objects and the child†. Maria Montessori It is the Directress’ role is to prepare a beautiful and enticing environment which will welcome the child in and provide a safe, calm and peaceful atmosphere in which they can learn. She must carefully arrange the room with child size furnishings and must ensure that all the educational materials are on display for a child to see in an orderly fashion. The apparatus should be stimulating, purposeful and invoke * Montessori philosophy purports that children learn best when they choose their own activities, within a richly educative environment. The duties of a Montessori teacher are to observe and assess children’s individual abilities and interests in order to provide an environment that stimulates and challenges them to learn. A Montessori teacher gives children opportunities to make their own discoveries, instead of telling them how to do something or giving them answers to problems. He or she also encourages children to feel at ease when they make a mistake, and to see mistakes as opportunities for further learning. * The duties of a Montessori teacher are to encourage a child’s enthusiasm for learning and natural work ethic. The Montessori approach gives children time to develop their concentration because a Montessori teacher remains sensitive to the focus of a child’s attention. If a child is engrossed in an activity, a Montessori teacher will not disturb that concentration unnecessarily. The Montessori approach of mixed age groups enables younger children to learn from older children, and older children to learn by teaching the younger ones. It also enables each child to progress at his or her own pace. * The duties of a Montessori teacher are to prepare a calm, organized and stimulating learning environment for children, allowing them to move freely within appropriate guidelines and to work as part of a social group. A teacher using the Montessori Method demonstrates the use of learning resources and materials to the children. The function of these materials is to help children develop essential cognitive skills. Teachers using the Montessori Method place children aged between 2 months and 3 years in a nurturing, homey environment that will help them develop cognitive, language, social and physical skills. The Montessori Method places older children in classroom settings of mixed age groups: 3 to 6 years, 6 to 9 years and 9 to 12 years. 1. The Montessori teacher is the dynamic link between the child and the Prepared Environment. 2. She is a systematic observer of the child and an interpreter of his needs. 3. She is an experimenter, tailoring the environment to meet his perceptions of the childs needs and interests, and objectively noting the results. 4. The Montessori teacher is a programmer, preparing the environment and keeping in perfect condition, adding to it and removing materials as needed. 5. She is an evaluator, judging the effectiveness of her own work and the environment every day. She must also evaluate the progress of each child. 6. She respects and protects the child. She must know when to step in and set limits or lend a helping hand, and when it is in the childs best interests to step back and not interfere. 7. The Montessori teacher is a supporter, offering warmth, security, stability, and non-judgemental acceptance to each child. 8. She is a facilitator of communication among the children and of the childs effort to communicate with her. She must also interpret the childs progress and her work to parents, the school staff, and the community. 9. She is a demonstrator, presenting clear, interesting and relevant lessons to the child. Her role is to seduce the child into spontaneous fascination with the materials through her demonstrations. 10. The Montessori teacher is a consistent good example of desirable behaviour for the children, following the ground-rules of the class herself, and exhibiting a sense of calm, consistency, grace and courtesy, and demonstrating respect for every child. 11. She is a peacemaker, consistently working to teach courteous behaviours and conflict resolution. 12. The Montessori teacher is a diagnostician, able to interpret the patterns of diversity, and non-judgemental acceptance to each child.

Essay on Jail population

Essay on Jail population Essay on Jail population Essay on Jail populationNowadays, there can be observed rapid growth of the jail population. There are many factors that influence the increase of jail population in modern days. The following research paper gives a brief insight into the situation around jail population and all the corresponding issues related to this matter. The research provides an analysis of what kind of people usually get imprisoned offering the latest data on this matter. The following research observes several categories of the jail population that are more likely to be seen incarcerated. It also provides information on the management issues, challenges and complications related to the question under discussion.The Insight into the Jail PopulationJails are known to be complex structures that experience rapid population growth. Jails hold people the cases of whom have not been adjudicated yet and the convicted people as well. Some of the convicted people may be sentenced to serve some term in a jail, while oth ers are still awaiting the completion of their reports. There are various kinds of offences that distinguish the differences among people who serve their jail term. Thus, some of them may be convicted of a misdemeanor, while others may be convicted of some sort of felony. There are various reasons for people to get imprisoned depending on the peculiarities of the crimes committed. However, it needs to be mentioned that average jail stays for some sort of trivial offenses are measured in a short period of time causing quick jail population turnover (Cunniff 5). The peculiarities of convicts and their crimes will be discussed below.Management IssuesA knowledge base explaining the peculiarities of a jail population and its growth or decrease is a prerequisite for evaluating future jail needs and various management issues related to them. The government elects officials that may help in generating the requirement for this kind of information as well as organizing the support processes f or collecting such information. All this will foster the criminal justice system for evaluating the data in the presence of criminal justice leaders (Cunniff 11). A great number of local justice authorities have computerized bases containing data about the jail population, so that the information on the individuals kept in jail can be easily obtained. An issue here is to create such a computer program that would extract the specific data for a certain period of time. This is the task that should be carried out not only by the computer programmers, but also the authorities of the criminal justice system. Data on jail populations should involve several different time periods and should be sufficient for fulfilling the information requirements.Who is Held in a Jail?According to the available data, the drug offenses, majorly drug possession are the major factors of adult arrests. Thus, those trading or using drugs are more likely to end up in jail in modern days as it is well known that drug abuse causes the increase of criminal activity in the state or even the whole country. Secondly, young adults aged from 18 to 35 years old are under a much higher risk of being imprisoned and sentenced to a jail term in comparison with other categories of the population. Although the quantity of young criminals has recently decreased, the population is likely to exhibit steady growth in the nearest future (Cunniff 25). Here, it needs to be said that the perception of the jail population is affected by the media that tends to give more preference to violent and heavy crimes. Thus, according to the media, jail holds dangerous criminals. Nevertheless, this category of criminals does not comprise the majority of jail population. A recent survey has shown that among the criminals who are likely to be imprisoned, there can be named those who commit rapes or other sexual offenses and various gangs that have been involved in violent actions against the public.The Management Challenges and ComplicationsThe above mentioned categories of jail population comprise those who are more likely to be held in jail than any other people involved in some sort of criminal activity. These kinds of criminals evolve many challenges and complications faced by the criminal justice management. If nothing is done in the nearest future, the dynamics of the jail population can become a major threat and challenge of the authorities (Gilmore 15). Changes in the resident population can also affect the jail population, but changes in the criminal justice system can have an even greater impact on the jail management activity. Here, proper decision making should be applied so as to deal with the problems related to jail population. The appropriate measures should be applied to all of the categories of criminals that comprise the major part of jail population.SummaryIn conclusion, the paper has observed the categories of criminals that are most likely to be held in jail as well as the challe nges faced by the government and criminal justice authorities in this regard. It needs to be concluded that no matter what kind of crimes are the most frequently committed ones, the major challenge faced by the criminal justice system of today is the rapid growth of the jail population. All of the complications related to adults’ crimes should be dealt with as quickly as possible to prevent further increase of jail population.

Narcosis ciliates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Narcosis ciliates - Essay Example This movement propels the cell perpendicular to the orientation of the cilia. In contrast, the longer flagellum, usually one or two, moves in an undulating manner, moving successive waves from the base to the tip in the process. As such, it propels the cell to move parallel to the flagellum’s orientation. On the other hand, microvilli are non-motile appendage with no internal structure supporting it (Reece, et al., 2011). The loss of activity of cilia, resulting to loss of cellular motility, is termed ciliate narcosis. This can be induced by different living conditions and substances to which it is exposed to, such as low temperature (Jackson, Goggin and Lucas, 2012), calcium (Nakanaka, Tanaka and Oosawa, 1984), magnesium and protein (Adshead, et al., 1975) concentrations, as well as the presence of certain substances, such as theophylline, bromhexine, ambroxol, terpin hydrate, mercaptoethanesulfonat-sodium, amrinon, salbutamol, tetracosactid-hexaacetate, histamine, phenol and nitric oxide (Graf, Graf and Wenz, 1999). In addition, a study using tracheal cells in vitro, showed that ciliary beat frequency was increased at low ethanol concentrations (0. 01 to 0. 1%), unchanged at (0. 5 to 1%), and decreased above 2% (Maurer and Liebman, 1988). Moreover, even if it does not penetrate the cellular membrane, the presence of glycerol in the culture can make cellular surroundings viscous, making it more difficult for cilia to move (Negus, 1949). Alcohols are amphiphatic molecules primarily composed of alkane (CH3) and hydroxyl (OH) moieties, such that the simplest alcohol is methane (CH3OH). When the hydrocarbon portion becomes longer, as in the case of ethanol (2 Cs), propranol (3 Cs) and butanol (4 Cs), the alcohol becomes effectively more hydrophobic. A compound similar to alcohols, propranolol in particular, is glycerol, which has hydroxyl group attached to each of the three carbon atoms (Masterton and Hurley, 2008). One of the well-studied organisms known t o extensively use cilia for movement is the free-living Tetrahymena pyriformis, which belongs to the order Holotrichia, literally meaning cilia all over its membrane. The microorganism is a common fixture in human toxicity studies, because of its cilia’s similarity in terms of morphology and function to that of human epithelial cells (Graf, Graf and Wenz, 1999). Its cell membrane has the characteristic sandwich-like phospholipid bilayer, with the hydrophilic head facing the cytoplasm or the external surroundings, and the hydrophobic chain filling the middle. Given this structure, hydrophilic molecules can more easily pass the membrane, as compared to hydrophobic ones. However, the presence of transport mechanisms allows hydrophobic molecules to enter the cell (Reece, et al., 2011). In cellular permeability studies, an observable cellular change effected by previously identified substance must be utilized in order to clearly determine when and in what conditions the substance penetrated the cell membrane. In this case, the cellular change used was ciliate necrosis and the substance that causes it would be alcohol. This experiment was conducted in order to 1) observe narcosis of T. pyriformis ciliates by alcohol, and 2) discuss the results of ciliate narcosis in terms of membrane permeability. METHOD After preparing propranol and glycerol serial dilutions (propranol: 1.8 M, 1. 5M, 0. 4M, 0. 2M , 0M; glycerol: 2. 8M, 2M, 1. 7M, 1M, 0M) using distilled

Robinson-Patman Act Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Robinson-Patman Act - Assignment Example It required that the seller offer the same price terms to customers at a certain given level of trade. It is meant to cub discrimination on the sale of goods to equally-situated distributors when the effects of such sale are aimed at reducing competition (American Bar Association, 2002, p. 463). Large stores and wholesalers can undercut small stalls selling similar products and services in such a way that can attract customers to buy from them. This can force such small retailers to go out of business; hence the Act can stem the vice of undercutting other small general business. Wholesalers and chain stores have to operate under the same business environment with the small retailers so as to offer the same prices to the end users of the products. Without the law, competition will be lessened and monopolies created in the line of commerce hence injuring small retailers and granting huge benefits to the large stores. This law applies to goods and services of the same grade, calibration, and quality (American Bar Association, 2002, p. 495). Such big multinationals like Pepsi and its competitor Coca Cola are the two major soft drink manufacturers in the world. They enjoy wider market coverage around the world which can be considered to be monopolies in some cases, especially if one of them operates, and the other is not in that market. Their market positions have been considered harmful as they enjoy huge capital outlay and wider market coverage. These enable them to cause undesirable competition to small manufacturers. They yield harmful price controls which they can manipulate markets in their favor to reduce competition by reducing prices at will across their products; soft drinks, juices, bottled water, sports drinks, and snacks. Such antitrust law as Robinson-Patman Act is meant to prevent such multinational from creating restraints on trade and commerce and